Heraldry is the science of coats of arms. Coats of arms
are emblems representing a person, a family, or an organized
entity (town, county, country, or multi-national). They first
appeared in the 12th century.
Thus, there has been a lot of time for rules and regulations
to be created concerning who has the right to wear arms. It's
important to know that the people who enforce the rules get very
upset when they aren't followed.
There. Now at least, you've been warned.
Who
has the right to bear coat of arms?
Everybody does, with all the usual exceptions.
In just about every country, the right to "wear" arms
is not controlled. One notable exception is England, which has
very restrictive legislation on the subject.
A fair summary of the overall situation is that anyone who
wants to display his, or her, or their, or its, arms, can do
so. The main thing is to meticulously respect the age-old rules
of heraldry, and never, never, never call your own the coat of
arms that belong to someone else.
How
do I find my family coat of arms?
For the lucky ones amongst you, the family arms already exist,
and are catalogued in any one of a number of venerable, dusty
old tomes called Armorials. These rare and voluminous
works are the stock-in-trade of the heraldist: they list thousands
of descriptions and often, illustrations, of ancient arms that
are known and registered. Using genealogical data that you supply,
the heraldist researches, then validates, your right to call
these arms your own.
If there isn't enough genealogical data available to establish
this right with confidence, one personnalizes (modifies) existing
arms in some unique way. This is one realm where there are lots
of rules to follow, and is a principle raison d'etre for
professional heraldists. The resulting arms are uniquely yours,
and recognized everywhere as being so.
If a classic armorial search proves infructuous, don't worry,
there's still hope. One can either:
create totally new "personal" arms according to
the classical ancient tradition, ie, represent the etymology
of the family name with heraldic figures.
or
create totally new "canting" arms according to
the family's traditions (geographic origins, trade associations,
emblems, etc).
How to
register a coat of arms?
The English, Scottish, Spanish, and South Africans can register
their arms with the ruling heraldic bodies of these countries.
People in other countries (including France), can register their
arms in a private Armorial. New or ancient arms can be listed
in our Armorial, which is registered every year with the Bibliothèque
Nationale and the french Ministry of the Interior. This process
is universally recognized, and guarantees the legitimacy of your
arms.
There is a wealth of material on the subject of heraldry and
blazons. A lot of books have been written over the centuries,
and some material can be found on the Internet, itself.